1.

Passage Four

Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and

his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.

To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving( 进化 ) as Cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting fielD、（84）Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed ：They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey killers. They cooperated as skillful male group attack.

Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting the food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life was put to a new use --that of controlling and domesticating ( 驯养 ) their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.

(85)The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences( 后果 ), but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that was no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other purposes, much simpler of obtaining a meaty meal.The word “operation (Par. 4)refers to _____.

2.guard

3.There’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up with a term to describethe way a lot of North American interact these days. And now a big research study confirms it.Professor Barry Wellman’s term is “networked individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp.In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked atthe same time? You need other people for network. Here’s what he means. Until the internet ande-mail came along, our social network involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, andcolleagues. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to personin real life. But the latest study confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through thecomputer has replaced a great deal of social activities and person-to-person interaction. Somepeople worry that the Internet is turning us into isolated people who shut out other people in favorof a false world on computer screens To the contrary, the study discovered that the Internetconnects us with more real people than expected- helpful people who can give advice on careers,medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americanstold the researchers that the Internet plays an important or crucial role in helping them deal withmajor life decisions. So we network individuals are pretty tricky: we’re keeping more to ourselves,while at the same time reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse!Why does the writer say network individuals are tricky?

4.

Once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well. After they1 their work, he left them, saying, "When the sun is down, I will come and see your work. "

At last one of them said, " What's the use of doing this foolish work? We can2 fill the basket."3 man answered,"That is none of your business.The firstsaid."You may do as you like,but I am not going to work at 4 so Foolish."He5 his bucket and went away.The other man said no word,and kept on carrying6last the well was almost7.

As he poured the last bucket of water into the basket,he saw a bright thing in it.He picked it up.It was a beautiful gold ring.Just then the king came.8he saw the ring,he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted.He told him to keep the ringfor himself."You9so well in this little thing,"he said,"10 now I know I canbelieve you with many things."5

5.

Mrs.Ball had a son,His name was Mick,She1 him very much and as he was nota2child,she was always3that he might be ill,4she used to take him to seethe best5in the town four times a year to be looked 6.

During one of these7,the doctor gave Mick all kinds of tests and then said tohim."Have you had any8with your nose or ears recently?"Mick9forasecondand then answered."Yes,I10.”Mrs.Ball was very11."But I'm sure you have12 told me that,Mick!”shesaid worriedly."Oh,really?"said the doctor 13."And what trouble have you withyour nose and cars,my boy?""Well,"answered Mick,"I always have trouble with themwhen I'm14 my sweater off,because the15 is very tight."11、单选

6.The environment affects the way people interact. To examine this conclusion, two researchers "decorated" three rooms. One room was refurnished to look ugly. The second room was intended to look average. The third room was designed to be beautiful. Individuals were then asked to sit in one of the three rooms and rate several pictures of people's faces. The results indicated that the environment has a significant effect on the way people rated the faces. Subjects in the beautiful room gave the pictures higher rates than did subjects in the ugly room. In addition, subjects in the ugly room found the task more unpleasant and boring than did subjects in the beautiful room.Subjects assigned to the ugly room attempted to leave sooner than did subjects assigned to the beautiful room. Color is one environmental factor that can affect your mood and even your ability to concentrate. One researcher concluded that the most pleasant colors, listed in order of preference, were blue, green, purple, red and yellow. The colors listed from most to least arousing were red, orange, yellow, violet, blue and green.Lighting also affects behavior. Elegant restaurants with dim lighting create a mood of intimacy (亲密) that encourages conversation. The bright lights of an office or a classroom, on the other hand,arouse and stimulate thinking.Room decoration, color, lighting, and even music and temperature all influence communication with others; but there is no all-purpose environment. The ideal environment depends on the task that will be performed as well as on the needs and expectations of those present. The same environmental factors that encourage lively conversation and dancing at a New Year's Eve party cannot be expected to create a serene climate in which to study for final exams.What effect can dim lights of an eating environment bring about?

7.

You may think there is only sand in the desert of the world.1it is not true the desert,as we know,there is a little2buti t is not3 for most plants,Stillwesee some plants4inthe desertThere is5in some places in the desert,We6these places oases.In the onthere are villages and towns.People grow 7 kinds of crops in the fields there.People8live outside the oases.They have camels.sheep and other animalThese animals depend9 the desert plants for their food and do not need 10water.

The 11 are useful to the desert people in many ways.They eat the meat and drinkthe milk of the animals.They use the camels for carrying water,food.tents and something else.

The people of the desert have to keep moving from place to place,They must alwayslook 12 grass or desert plants for their animals.When there is no more food for theiranimals,they move to13 place.The desert people are 14.No man in the desertwould ever refuse 15 the people in trouble and give them food and water.14（单选题）

8.After saying that, he ______the door quickly.

9.

In china, it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the west, this question is generally regarded as impolite. This is particularly true 61 women, and even more 62 if the inquirer is a man. However, it is 63 to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind 64 either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to 65 their age, especially if they feel they look young 66 their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a(n) 67 question like ―How old are you?‖if elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a compliment on how young they look, they may easily 68 the topic themselves, and ask the other person to 69

how old they are. 70 such a situation, it is quite acceptable to discuss age 71.They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, though rather than 72 that they look very old! 73 westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are, this does not 74 that they are not interested to know how old other people

are. They may ask 75 for the information, 76 they may try to 77 the topic indirectly. Sometimes discussions about educational 78 and the number of years of working experience may provide some 79 , but this is not always the 80 .68.

10.I like black coffee so much, the stronger it is,__________ .

11.根据以下资料，回答31-45题。Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers．Then again，teenagers have31 feelings about their parents，saying that it is not easy living with them．According to a recent research，the most common 32 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks．On the one hand，parents go mad over 33 rooms，clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the 34 ．On the other hand，teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 35 the towel in the bathroom，not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket．The research，conducted by St．George University，shows that different parents have different 36 to these problems．However，some approaches are more 37than others．For example，those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness，but38 clean the room for them，have fewer chances of changing their children's 39 ．On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the 40 of their actions can do better．For example，when teenagers who don't help their parents with the shopping don't find their favorite drink in the refrigerator，they are forced to 41 their actions．Psychologists say that 42 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships．Parents should43 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say．Parents may 44 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space．Communication is a two-way process．It is only by listening to and 45 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.31 请在第____处填上正确答案。A.natural,B.strong,C.guilty,D.similar

12.There is n‘t____paper in the box.Will you go and get fo rme

13.California families are facing a rapidly mounting uphill battle to make enough money to provide basic household essentials, according to a new study conducted by the California Budget Project. 　　The research compiled by the Sacramento-based non-profit organization concluded an average two-parent family with one employed adult in California needs to make $51,177 a year, or $24.60 cents an hour, to pay for housing, transportation, food, utilities, child care, health coverage, taxes and other basic expenses. 　　The number grows significantly higher in the Bay Area, the state's most expensive region．A Bay Area family of four with two working adults living in rental housing needs a combined income of $79,946 to cover essential needs．That number is more than four times greater than the $19,157 income level recognized by the federal government as impoverished. 　　The study is the fourth semi-annual survey conducted by the California Budget Project since 1999． California Budget Project executive director Jean Ross said helping state officials and residents understand the numbers found in the report is crucial to moving families toward self-sufficiency. "How should we be targeting some of our programs and policies? How much do young people need to earn and what kind of a job should they be looking to train for if they want to have that salary that can support a family?" 　　CBP said the project was based on actual costs or generally accepted fair standard prices based on weighted averages found in ten California regions.18 What are some basic expenses for Bay Area families?

14.Jumping out of___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite___exciting experience.

15.Online distance learning(网上远程教育)is an instructional system which connects learners witheducational resources.Students work on their own at home, at work, or at school and communicatewith faculty and other students by means of e?mail,electronic meetings, videoconferencing,chatrooms, instant messaging and other forms of computer?based communication.There are bothadvantages and disadvantages to online distance learning.There are many benefits to using online distance learning environments. Online education isavailable all the time,anywhere and to all people.However,there are weaknesses for some learners.The online learner only has the written text and no other face?to?face hints.This may confuse thelearner and cause misunderstanding. While distance learning allows for an openness, it is alsodifficult because it is done by e?mail messages and writing,and therefore may take more time thanface?to?face learning.Sometimes the messages can be overwhelming for many online students.Universities,colleges and schools use online distance learning environments. There are importantfor students who may be unable to attend classes for various reasons like illnesses or busy everydayschedules. Some learners just want to further their studies at home. They enjoy the convenienceof home learning as they take regular programs or enrichment classes.Online courses keep learners very occupied at all hours of the day.There are a great many messagesand other online resources to read and respond to. Most learners have regular jobs or attendregular school classes on ground as well.However,the benefits are clear. Online distance learning isbecoming very popular. Some online classes have become a profitable business as they replaceregular traditional means of learning.

16.Nancy Bright and her husband John had been working overtime and saving for a long time so that they could pay the advance for Nancy’s dream house.Today was the day that they had enough money in hand to make a down payment on the house.But the real estate (房地产) agent informed them that she had received another offer for the house.Although the other offer was slightly less than that of Nancy and John’s, that person with the new offer was willing to pay the whole amount at once .The owner, in urgent need of money, wanted to accept the second offer. Nancy and Johnlooked at each other with disappointed looks.They walked back home feeling very low about having lost the house.Soon they recovered and involved themselves into their daily lives, though once in a while Nancy would sink into a mild depression over losing the house. One day Nancy woke up in the morning feeling even lower than usual.She kept feeling sick, even lost interest in her routine coffee.She pull all these symptoms down to the stress of working hard and losing her dream house.A week passed and she seemed to get worse.John was worried and insisted on taking herto the doctor.The doctor, after taking a few tests, informed them with a huge smile that Nancy was two months pregnant! John and Nancy were overjoyed but also worried about not having their own house before the baby was born.One evening Nancy wandered into the street where her dream house was, and as she passed by it, she was surprised to see that there were notices stuck on all the house.On closer examination she found that the notices were for all the residents to move out of the house as they were building a highway and the whole row of the houses needed to be pulled down.Nancy suddenly realized that not getting her dream house had been a blessing in disguise.She thanked God and decided tobe happy with the blessings she had and started looking forward to the birth of her child.How did they feel after they lost their dream house?

17.给朋友小林的一封信，谈谈寒假生活。（1)寒假很忙，因为今年七月要参加高考。（2)每天埋头读书，复习每门必修课，做许多练习。（3)学习刻苦，每天学习10小时以上，累时看会儿电视，听音乐，但总不去影剧院。不得不回绝亲戚朋友的邀请，只在除夕时打电话问候。（4)多希望没有考试，但又不可能，要尽力取得好成绩，考上渴望已久的清华大学。参考词汇：必修课：required subject埋头于某事：bury oneself in sth.（本题20分）

18.In the past, people who graduated from college felt proud of their academic achievements andconfident that their degree would help them to find a good job.However, in the past four year the job market has changed dramatically. This year’s collegegraduates are facing one of the worst job markets. For example, Ryan Stewart, a graduate of SanJose State University, got a degree working are getting laid off and don’t have jobs, so it’s evenharder for new college graduates to find jobs.Four years ago, the future looked bright for his class of 2006. T here were many high-tech(“dotcom”)job opportunities, graduates received many job offers, and they were able to get jobs with highsalaries and benefits such as health insurance and paid vacations. However,“Times have changed.it’s a new market,” according to an officer of the university.The officer says students who do find jobs started preparing two years ago. They worked duringsummer vacations, they have had several short-time jobs, and they majored in fields that are stillpaying well, such as accounting or nursing.Even teaching is not a secure profession now. Ryan Stewart wanted to be a teacher, but instead hewill probably go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teachingcould be a good career even in a bad economy.In conclusion, these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a highsalary. Some students can only hope that the value of their degree will increase in the future.According to the passage, ( ) had the best job prospects in 2002.

19.Jason :Where do you work, Andrea?Andrea:I work for Thomas Cook Travel.Jason : Oh, really? 56Andrea:I'm a guide. I take people on tours to countries in South America,like Peru.Jason : 57Andrea:Yes, it's a great job. I love it. 58Jason:I'm a student, and I have a part-time job, too.Andrea : Oh? 59Jason:In a fast-food restaurant.Andrea: 60Jason : Hamburger Heaven.56 __________

20.

Tom grows the nicest vegetables and fruits and the most beautiful flowers in the village.Plants grow in Tom's garden all through the1and they are much2.

Tom cuts some flowers for his sitting room table,eats some fruits and vegetables,buthe3most of them in the market.His vegetables,fruit and flowers are so4andbeautiful that they sold much more5in the market than those of other villagers.

How does Tom grow these beautiful things?He is so6that he just sits under hisorange tree with his radio.

He7the music all day.That is quite true.Tom8things inspring,summer,autumn and winter.Afterthat he sits with his radio.And everything9.It is the music that does the work.Tomknows more clearly that music makes the biggest vegetables and the most beautiful flowers.Plants love10as much as people.3、